Uvavanyo lwelaphu yinkqubo esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umzimba, iikhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini.Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalaphu ahlangabezana nomgangatho othile, ukusebenza, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.
Kutheni le nto uVavanyo lweLaphu lubalulekile?
Uvavanyo lwelaphu lubalulekile ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukeneyo.Inceda ukuqinisekisa ukuba amalaphu adibana nomgangatho othile, ukusebenza, kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko.Uvavanyo lwelaphu ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya uluhlu olubanzi lweempawu zezinto ezilukiweyo kunye neemveliso, kubandakanywa amandla azo, ukuqina, ukuqina kombala, ukuchasana nokushwabana, ukuxhathisa ukonakala, kunye nokuncitshiswa komlilo.Ungayisebenzisa kwakhona ukuvavanya ukunethezeka kunye nokulingana kwempahla kunye nezinye iimveliso zamalaphu, kunye nenkangeleko yazo kunye neempawu zobuhle.Uvavanyo lwelaphu lubalulekile kubavelisi, abathengisi, kunye nabathengi, njengoko kunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iimveliso ezilukiweyo zikulungele ukusetyenziswa ekujoliswe kuzo kwaye ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho efunekayo.
Yintoni iMigangatho yoMqhaphu?
Imigangatho ye-textile zizikhokelo, iiprothokholi, kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa eziseka izinto ezilukiweyo kunye neempawu zeemveliso kunye neendlela zokusebenza.Le migangatho iphuhliswa yimibutho yesizwe neyehlabathi, efana ne-International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), kunye ne-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto ezilukiweyo kunye neemveliso zikhuselekile. , zomelele, kwaye zilungele ukusetyenziswa kwazo.Imigangatho yelaphu igubungela uluhlu olubanzi lwezihloko, kubandakanywa ukubunjwa kwefayibha, umsonto, kunye nokwakhiwa kwelaphu, ukudaya kunye nokugqiba, ubungakanani bempahla kunye nokwakhiwa, kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kokusetyenziswa okuthe ngqo kokuphela, okufana nempahla ekhuselayo, ibhedi, kunye ne-upholstery.
UVavanya njani i-Textile?
Iimvavanyo ezininzi zinokusetyenziselwawuvavanye umgangatho, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko lwemathiriyeli yelaphu kunye neemveliso.Ezinye zezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lwelaphu ziquka:
- Iimvavanyo zomzimba: Ezi mvavanyo zilinganisa iipropathi ezibonakalayo zelaphu, ezifana nobukhulu, ukuxinana, amandla okuqina, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-abrasion.
- Uvavanyo lwemichiza: Olu vavanyo luhlalutya ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zelaphu, kubandakanya umxholo wefayibha, i-pH, kunye nokungagungqi kombala.
- Iimvavanyo zokusebenza zivavanya ukuba i-textile isebenza kakuhle kangakanani phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngokuba sesichengeni sobushushu, ukufuma, okanye ukukhanya.
- Iimvavanyo zokhuseleko: Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukhuseleko lwempahla olulukiweyo, kubandakanywa nokutsha kunye nokubanakho ukubangela ukucaphuka okanye ukuchasana.
Uvavanyo lwe-textile lunokwenziwa kwibhubhoratri usebenzisa izixhobo ezikhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, okanye ungayenza ebaleni phantsi kweemeko zehlabathi langempela.Iimvavanyo ezithile ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nemigaqo yovavanyo elandelwayo iya kuxhomekeka kusetyenziso olucetywayo lwelaphu kunye neendlela zokusebenza ekufuneka kuhlangatyezwane nazo.
Iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amalaphu, nganye yenzelwe ukuvavanya ipropathi ethile okanye uphawu lwemathiriyeli.Esi sikhokelo siza kubonelela ngesishwankathelo sezona ndlela ziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lwelaphu ezisetyenziswa kushishino.
Iindlela zoVavanyo loMzimba
Iindlela zokuvavanya ngokwasemzimbeni zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iipropathi ezibonakalayo zelaphu, njengenkangeleko, ukuthungwa, kunye nedrape.Ezinye iindlela eziqhelekileyo zovavanyo lomzimba ziquka:
Ubunzima Belaphu:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubunzima belaphu ngeegram nge square meter (gsm).Ubunzima belaphu bubalulekile kuba buchaphazela idrape kunye nokuziva kwezinto.
Ububanzi belaphu:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ububanzi belaphu ngee-intshi okanye iisentimitha.Ububanzi belaphu bubalulekile kuba bumisela ukuba zininzi kangakanani izinto ezifunekayo ukwenza ingubo okanye enye imveliso yelaphu.
Ubude belaphu:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubude belaphu kwiiyadi okanye iimitha.Ubude belaphu bubalulekile kuba bumisela ukuba yimathiriyeli engakanani efunekayo ukwenza impahla okanye enye imveliso elukiweyo.
Uxinaniso lwelaphu:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa inani lemisonto kwindawo nganye yelaphu.Uxinaniso lwelaphu lubalulekile kuba luchaphazela ukuva kunye nokutsalwa kwezinto.
Isandla selaphu:Olu vavanyo luvavanya ukuva okanye isandla selaphu.Isandla selaphu sibalulekile kuba sichaphazela ukukhululeka kunye nokunxitywa kwempahla okanye enye imveliso yelaphu.
Uzinzo lwelaphu loMda:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa utshintsho kubukhulu okanye ukumila kwelaphu emva kokuba libekwe phantsi kweemeko ezithile, ezinjengokuhlamba okanye ukomiswa.Ukuzinza kwe-Fabric dimensional kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela ukufaneleka kunye nokubonakala kwengubo okanye enye imveliso ye-textile.
Iindlela zoVavanyo lweMichiza
Iindlela zokuvavanya iikhemikhali zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iipropathi zeekhemikhali zamalaphu, njengomxholo wefayibha, ukungagungqi kombala, kunye ne-pH.Ezinye iindlela zovavanyo lweekhemikhali eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Uhlalutyo lweFayibha:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukumisela umxholo wefiber welaphu.Uhlalutyo lwefayibha lubalulekile kuba lunceda ekuchongeni iintlobo zefiber kwisixhobo kunye nobungakanani bohlobo ngalunye.
UVavanyo lokungabi naMbala:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelaphu ekuphelelweni okanye ukujika kombala.Umbala wombala ubalulekile kuba uchaphazela ukubonakala kunye nokuphila ixesha elide kwengubo okanye enye imveliso ye-textile.
Uvavanyo lwe-pH:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ubumuncu okanye ialkalinity yelaphu.I-pH ibalulekile kuba inokuchaphazela umbala kunye nokuvakalelwa kwezinto, kunye nokuchasana kwayo neebhaktheriya kunye nezinye ii-microbes.
Uvavanyo lokutsha:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuvutha kwelaphu.Ukutsha kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela ukhuseleko lwempahla okanye enye imveliso elukiweyo.
Iindlela zoVavanyo koomatshini
Iindlela zokuvavanya oomatshini zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya iipropathi zoomatshini zelaphu, njengamandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuxhathisa i-abrasion.Ezinye iindlela zokuvavanya oomatshini eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Uvavanyo lwe-Tensile:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla kunye nobude belaphu.Uvavanyo lwe-tensile lubalulekile kuba lunceda ukumisela ukufaneleka kwelaphu kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kokuphela.
Uvavanyo lweenyembezi:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukomelela kwelaphu lokukrazuka.Uvavanyo lokukrazula lubalulekile kuba lunceda ukumisela ukuqina kwemathiriyeli kunye nokumelana nokukrazulwa okanye ukukrazulwa.
Uvavanyo lokuqina komthungo:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla omthungo kwilaphu.Amandla omthungo abalulekile kuba anceda ukumisela amandla kunye nokuthembeka kwesambatho okanye enye imveliso yelaphu.
UVavanyo lokuxhathisa i-Abrasion:Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuxhathisa kwelaphu ukukrazuka okanye ukunxiba.Ukuxhathisa i-abrasion kubalulekile kuba inceda ukumisela ukuqina kwempahla kunye nokuphila okanye enye imveliso yempahla.
UVavanyo loKuxhathisa iiPilling:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuxhathisa kwelaphu kwiipilisi, okukukwenziwa kweebhola ezincinci zefiber kumphezulu wemathiriyeli.Ukumelana neepilisi kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela inkangeleko kunye nokuthungwa kwempahla.
Iindlela zoVavanyo lokusiNgqongileyo
Iindlela zovavanyo lokusingqongileyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ifuthe lezinto zendalo kwizinto ezilukiweyo, ezinje ngobushushu, ukufuma kunye nokukhanya kwelanga.Ezinye iindlela zovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lokusingqongileyo ziquka:
UVavanyo lokuKhanya:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelaphu ekuphelelweni okanye ukujika kombala xa libekwe ekukhanyeni.Ukukhanya okukhanyayo kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela inkangeleko kunye nobomi obude bempahla okanye enye imveliso yelaphu.
Uvavanyo lokuxhathisa iMozulu:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelaphu kwiimeko zemozulu ezahlukeneyo, njengemvula, umoya kunye nokubanda.Ukumelana nemozulu kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela ukusebenza kunye nokuqina kwempahla okanye enye imveliso elukiweyo.
UVavanyo loKuxhathisa uMbilo:Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukuxhathisa kwelaphu ukubila okanye ukubila.Ukumelana nokubila kubalulekile kuba kuchaphazela ukukhululeka kunye nokunxitywa kwempahla okanye enye imveliso elukiweyo.
UQinisekiso loMgangatho kunye neSiqinisekiso
Uvavanyo lwe-textile luyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yeinkqubo yokuqinisekisa umgangathokumashishini amaninzi, kuquka impahla, impahla yasekhaya, kunye nemizi-mveliso yeemoto.Uvavanyo lwelaphu lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amalaphu ayadibanaimigangatho ethile yomgangatho, ukusebenza, kunye nokhuseleko.Kwiimeko ezininzi, imibutho yomntu wesithathu iphinda iqinisekise iimpahla zokuluka ukubonisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino kunye nemimiselo.Ezinye izatifikethi zelaphu eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
Oeko-Tex:Esi siqinisekiso sinikezelwa kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo ezivavanyelwe izinto ezinobungozi kwaye zifunyenwe zikhuselekile ukuba zisetyenziswe ngabantu.
iGlobal Organic Textile Standard (GOTS):Esi satifikethi sinikezelwa kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo eziveliswe kusetyenziswa imicu ephilayo kwaye zicutshungulwe ngokusingqongileyo nangokwentlalo.
Bluesign:Esi satifikethi sinikezelwa kwiimpahla ezilukiweyo eziveliswe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezihambelana nokusingqongileyo nezizinzileyo.
Iingenelo zoVavanyo lweTela
Kukho iinzuzo ezininzi kuvavanyo lwelaphu:
- Ukuqinisekisa umgangatho:Uvavanyo lwelaphu lunceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amalaphu adibana nemigangatho ethile yomgangatho kunye nokusebenza, okunokunceda ekuphuculeni ukwaneliseka kwabathengi kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wembuyekezo kunye nezikhalazo.
- Ukhuseleko:Uvavanyo lwelaphu lunokusetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukhuseleko lweempahla ezilukiweyo, kubandakanywa ukutsha kwazo kunye nokubanakho ukubangela ukucaphuka kwesikhumba okanye ukwaliwa.
- Ukuthobela umthetho:Uvavanyo lwelaphu lunokunceda abavelisi kunye nabathengisi ukuba bahlangabezane neemfuno ezisemthethweni kunye nemigangatho yoshishino, njengemimiselo yokhuseleko kunye neemfuno zokuleyibheli.
- Ugcino lweendleko:Ngokuchonga iingxaki zamalaphu kwangethuba kwinkqubo yokwenziwa, uvavanyo lwelaphu lunokunceda ukunciphisa iindleko zokululungisa nokutshintshwa kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokuvelisa.
- Ukusungula:Uvavanyo lwelaphu lunokunceda abavelisi ukuba baphuhlise amalaphu amatsha, akumgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuphucula iimveliso esele zikho, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwazisweni kweemveliso ezitsha kwimarike.
- Ukuzithemba kwabathengi:Ngokubonisa ukuba amalaphu avavanyiwe kwaye ahlangabezana nemigangatho ethile, abavelisi kunye nabathengisi banokunceda ukwakha ukuzithemba kwabathengi kwiimveliso zabo.
Ukuqukumbela, uvavanyo lwelaphu linyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni nasekuveliseni amalaphu akumgangatho ophezulu.Iindlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya amalaphu, kwaye indlela nganye yenzelwe ukuvavanya ipropathi ethile okanye uphawu lwemathiriyeli.Ngokuqonda iindlela ezahlukeneyo zovavanyo lwelaphu ezikhoyo, abavelisi kunye nabathengi banokwenza izigqibo ezizizo malunga nomgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwempahla elukiweyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jan-25-2023