Izinto zokudlala zaziwa ngokuba "ngamaqabane asondeleyo abantwana".Noko ke, uninzi lwabantu aluqondi ukuba ezinye izinto zokudlala zineengozi zokhuseleko ezisongela impilo nokhuseleko lwabantwana bethu.Yeyiphi imingeni engundoqo yomgangatho wemveliso efunyenwe kuvavanyo lomgangatho wezinto zokudlala zabantwana?Sinokuziphepha njani?
Susa iziphene kwaye ugade ukhuseleko lwabantwana
I-China yindawo yokuvelisa amandla.Ithengisa iithoyi kunye nezinye iimveliso zabantwana kumazwe angaphezu kwama-200 kunye nemimandla.E-UK, i-70% yeethoyi zivela e-China, kwaye eYurophu, inani lifikelela kwi-80% yeethoyi.
Yintoni esinokuyenza ukuba sifumana isiphene ngexesha lesigaba sokwenziwa kweskimu soyilo?Ukususela ngo-Agasti 27, 2007, kunye nokupapashwa okulandelelanayo kunye nokuphunyezwa kwe "Regulations on the Administration of Recalls of Children's Toys", "iMimiselo yoLawulo lokuKhunjuzwa kweeMveliso zeMihla ephosakeleyo", kunye "neMibonelelo yeThutyana kuLawulo lokuKhunjuzwa kwaBathengi. Iimveliso ", inkqubo yokukhumbula iimpahla eneziphene iye yasebenza ngakumbi nangakumbi ekukhuseleni impilo yabantwana, ukuphakamisa ulwazi ngokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokuphucula indlela amasebe karhulumente alawula ngayo ukhuseleko lwemveliso.
Sibona okufanayo phesheya kolwandle.Kweli nqanaba, amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla yehlabathi, efana ne-United Kingdom, i-Australia, i-European Union, iJapan, iCanada, njl.Rhoqo ngonyaka, iimveliso ezininzi zemihla ngemihla ezineziphene zikhunjuzwa kwishishini lokuhambisa ukuze abathengi banokukhuselwa kwingozi enokubakho ebangelwa ngabo.
Ngokuphathelele lo mbandela, "Enoba yiTshayina, iManyano yaseYurophu, iUnited Kingdom okanye amanye amazwe ongxowankulu, onke agxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhuselwa kwabantwana, kwaye iindlela zokulawula umgangatho wemveliso kwiimveliso zezinto zokudlala zabantwana zingqongqo kakhulu."
Iingozi ngokubanzi kunye neengcebiso zokuhlolwa kwezinto zokudlala zabantwana
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iimveliso zemihla ngemihla, injongo yeethoyi zabantwana yahlukile ngenxa yeempawu zabo zomzimba nezomntu ngamnye, ezibonakaliswa ikakhulu njengokungabikho kwesakhono sokuzikhusela.Iimpawu ze-physiological zabantwana zikwahluke kubantu abadala: ukukhula ngokukhawuleza kunye nophuhliso, ukuthanda ukuhlola izinto ezintsha kunye nophuhliso oluqhubekayo lwezakhono zengqondo.
"Inkqubo yabantwana yokusebenzisa ithoyizi ngokwenene yinkqubo epheleleyo yokuhlola nokuqonda ihlabathi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, akulula ukulandela isicwangciso soyilo okanye ukusetyenziswa kwamathoyizi ngendlela efanayo nomntu omdala. Ngoko ke, ukungafani kwabo kufuneka kube yinto ekhethekileyo. kuqwalaselwa ngexesha loyilo, imveliso kunye nenqanaba lokuvelisa ukuphepha ukwenza umonakalo ebantwaneni."
Iingozi eziphambili kuhlolo jikelele lweethoyi zabantwana zezi zilandelayo:
1. Ukusebenza kokhuseleko lomzimba koomatshini kunye nezixhobo.
Ikakhulu ibonakaliswa njengamalungu amancinane, ukuhlatywa/ukukrwelwa, izithintelo, ukubhijela, ukucudisa, ukungqungqa, ukuwa/ukutyumza, ingxolo, imagnethi, njl.
Emva kohlalutyo lweenkcukacha-manani, kwafunyaniswa ukuba koomatshini kunye nezixhobo eyona ngozi inkulu yayiyeyona ndawo incinci eyonakeleyo iweyo ngokulula, ngesantya esingama-30% ukuya kuma-40%.
Ziziphi iindawo ezincinci eziwayo?Zingaba ngamaqhosha, ii-pinballs, ii-trinkets, amacandelo amancinci kunye nezixhobo.Ezi nxalenye zincinci zinokuginywa ngokulula ngabantwana okanye zifakwe kumqolo wempumlo emva kokuwa, okukhokelela kumngcipheko wokuginya ukungcola okanye ukuvaleka komngxuma.Ukuba inxalenye encinci iqulethe izinto ezisisigxina zemagnethi, xa iginywe ngempazamo, umonakalo uya kuqhubeka ngakumbi.
Ngaphambili, amazwe eManyano yaseYurophu athumela izilumkiso zabathengi kuhlobo lweethoyi zemagnethi ezaziwayo eTshayina.Ezo toyi zineenxalenye ezincinci zemagnethi okanye iibhola ezincinci.Kwakukho umngcipheko we-asphyxia obangelwa ukuginya kwabantwana ngempazamo okanye ukuphefumla amalungu amancinci.
Ngokuphathelele ukhuseleko lomzimba koomatshini kunye nezixhobo, u-Huang Lina ucebise ukuba ishishini lokuvelisa kufuneka lenze uhlolo olungqongqo kumgangatho wemveliso ngexesha lenqanaba lokuvelisa.Ukongeza, iifektri kufuneka zilumke ngakumbi xa kukhethwa imathiriyeli ekrwada, kuba ezinye imathiriyeli ekrwada kufuneka ziphathwe ngendlela ethile ngexesha lenqanaba lemveliso ukunqanda umngcipheko "wokuwa".
2. Ukusebenza kokhuseleko lomlilo.
Izinto zokudlala ezininzi zenziwe ngeemveliso ezilukiweyo.Yiyo loo nto kufuneka kwenziwe ukhuseleko lokutshisa ezi mveliso.
Olunye lweziphene eziphambili kukutshisa ngokukhawuleza okugqithisileyo kwezixhobo/iimveliso, okukhokelela ekunqongophaleni kwexesha elaneleyo lokuba abantwana babaleke imeko kaxakeka.Enye intsilelo yinqanaba lokuvutha kwefilimu yeplastiki yePVC engazinzanga, evelisa ngokulula ulwelo lwekhemikhali.Ezinye iintsilelo zenzeka ukuba iithoyi ezikhululekileyo ezizaliswe ngokuthambileyo zivutha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, ukuba kukho inyanda yamaqamza kwiimveliso ezilukiweyo, okanye umonakalo owenziwe yikhemikhali ophuma kwimiphunga evuthayo.
Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwenziwa kwemveliso, kufuneka siqaphele ukukhethwa kwezinto ezingasetyenziswanga.Kufuneka kwakhona sinikele ingqalelo ekusetyenzisweni kwe-halogen-free flame retardants.Iinkampani ezininzi zongeza ngabom ezinye ii-halogen-free flame retardants ukuze zihlangabezane ngcono neemfuno zentsebenzo yokhuseleko lomlilo.Nangona kunjalo, ezinye zezi retardants zinokubangela umonakalo ongapheliyo wekhemikhali, ke lumka kunye nabo!
3. Ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweekhemikhali ze-Organic.
Iingozi zeekhemikhali ze-Organic nazo zezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo zokwenzakala okubangelwa ngamathoyizi.Iikhompawundi kwizinto zokudlala zigqithiselwa ngokulula kakhulu emizimbeni yabantwana ngenxa yamathe, ukubila, njalo njalo, ngaloo ndlela zonakalisa impilo yabo ngokwasemzimbeni nasengqondweni.Xa kuthelekiswa nokwenzakala emzimbeni, umonakalo owenziwe yikhemikhali osuka kwizinto zokudlala unzima kakhulu ukuwubona kuba uqhubeka uqokelelana.Nangona kunjalo, umonakalo unokuba mkhulu, ukusuka ekunciphiseni kwinkqubo yokugoma ukuya kwiimeko ezimbi zengqondo kunye nomzimba kunye nomonakalo omkhulu kwizitho zangaphakathi zomzimba.
Izinto eziqhelekileyo zeekhemikhali ezibangela iingozi zeekhemikhali eziphilayo kunye nokulimala ziquka izinto ezithile kunye neekhemikhali zohlalutyo oluthile, phakathi kwabanye.Ezinye zezona zinto ziqhelekileyo zigqithiselweyo zi-arsenic, selenium, i-antimony, i-mercury, i-lead, i-cadmium, i-chromium kunye ne-barium.Ezinye izinto ezithile ezihlalutyayo zekhemikhali zi-tackifiers, i-formaldehyde yangaphakathi, iidayi ze-azo (ezingavumelekanga), i-BPA kunye ne-halogen-free flame retardants, phakathi kwezinye.Ngaphandle kwezo, ezinye izinto ze-carcinogenic ezibangela i-allergies kunye nokuguqulwa kofuzo kufuneka zibekwe phantsi kweliso elingqongqo kwaye zilawulwe.
Ekuphenduleni lolu hlobo lokulimala, iinkampani zokuvelisa kufuneka zihlawule ngokukodwa kwipeyinti abayisebenzisayo, kunye neepolymers kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo.Kubalulekile ukufumana abasasazi abachanekileyo kwimathiriyeli ekrwada nganye ukuphepha ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli ekrwada engeyiyo into yokudlala ngexesha lemigangatho yemveliso.Ngaphezu koko, kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo xa kuthengwa iindawo ezisecaleni kwaye ube ngqongqo ngokwenene ekuthinteleni ukungcoliseka kwendalo yokuvelisa ngexesha layo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa.
4. Ukusebenza kokhuseleko lombane.
Kungekudala, kunye nokulandela ukuphuculwa kweemveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendlela ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe, amathoyizi ombane amkelwe ngokufudumeleyo ngabazali kunye nabantwana, okukhokelela ekwandeni kweengozi zokhuseleko lombane.
Iingozi zokhuseleko zombane kwiithoyi zabantwana zibonakaliswa ngokukodwa njengezixhobo ezifudumalayo kunye nokusebenza okungaqhelekanga, amandla angonelanga oxinzelelo kunye nokuqina kwempembelelo yezixhobo zendlu, kunye neziphene zesakhiwo.Iingozi ezinokubakho zokhuseleko lombane zinokubangela ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zemiba.Eyokuqala i-toy overheating, apho ubushushu bamacandelo ethoyizi kunye neendawo ezingqongileyo ziphakamileyo kakhulu, ezinokuthi zikhokelela ekutshiseni kwesikhumba okanye ukutshisa kwindawo yendalo.Okwesibini kukungonelanga koxinzelelo lwezixhobo zekhaya, okukhokelela ekungaphumeleli kwesekethe emfutshane, ukusilela kwamandla, okanye nomonakalo.Okwesithathu kukungonelanga kokuqina kwempembelelo, okunciphisa ukusebenza kokhuseleko lwemveliso.Uhlobo lokugqibela luziphene kulwakhiwo, olufana nebhetri egcwalisekayo eqhagamshelwe ngasemva, enokubangela ukusilela kwisekethe emfutshane okanye ukuwa kwebhetri egcwalisekayo, phakathi kweminye imiba.
Ngokuphathelele olu hlobo lwengozi, u-Huang Lina ucebise ukuba iinkampani zokuvelisa zenze iinkqubo zoyilo lokhuseleko lwesekethe ye-elektroniki kunye nobuchule, kunye nokuthenga amacandelo e-elektroniki ahlangabezana nemigangatho yokuthintela ingozi enokwenzeka kubantwana.
Ikwabandakanya iilebhile/ukumakishwa, ucoceko lokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko, kunye neminye imingeni.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-04-2021